What determines if R2's contact with a batted ball is considered interference?

When determining if R2's contact with a batted ball is considered interference, the key factor is whether the contact was an intentional deflection. This means that if R2 knowingly and deliberately made contact with the ball, it qualifies as interference because it hinders the defensive team's opportunity to make a play. The intent behind R2's action is fundamental because the purpose of interference rules is to maintain fair play and ensure that all participants are operating without undue obstruction.

While the other factors may play a role in the situation, they do not directly determine whether R2's contact constitutes interference. For example, the state of the ball being fair or foul is relevant for other decision-making but does not specifically address intent. Similarly, R2’s position on the base or whether a fielder was ready to make a play has less bearing on whether the contact was an intentional act of interference. The focus remains on the voluntary action of the runner, highlighting the importance of intent within the rules of interference.