In cases of defensive obstruction or interference calls, what determines if a runner is awarded bases?

The rationale for how runners are awarded bases in cases of defensive obstruction or interference is grounded in the principle that a runner must have legally advanced and touched all necessary bases to be eligible for such awards. When obstruction or interference occurs, it affects the runners' ability to transition between bases, but the status of their advancement is contingent upon whether they have properly touched the bases leading up to that moment.

This means that if a runner has not legally advanced through the bases—e.g., if they missed a base or left a base too early—they cannot be awarded any bases as a direct result of the obstruction or interference. This context stresses the importance of following the rules regarding base running; therefore, the integrity of play remains intact and ensures that all players adhere to the sequence of base touching for any potential awards to be granted.

The other options do not accurately reflect the established rules regarding this situation. Runners are not automatically awarded home; such a decision rests on their previous advancements as well as the specifics of the situation. Likewise, while umpire discretion is significant, it operates within the boundaries of the established rules, which include ensuring runners have legally touched bases. Lastly, the notion that no bases can be awarded unless there is an appeal does not align with the