If R1 misses second base while advancing on an overthrow, what happens upon a defensive appeal?

When a runner, R1, misses a base while advancing on an overthrow, the rules state that a defensive appeal can be made regarding the missed base. If the defensive team successfully appeals the missed second base, R1 is declared out. This aligns with the rules governing base running and the consequences of not touching a base legally.

The concept of an appeal in baseball is significant; it allows the defense to ask the umpire to recognize that a base runner has violated a rule by failing to touch a base. The appeal process is a critical aspect of the game that helps ensure the integrity of base running.

Given this context, if R1 misses second base and the defense appeals, the correct outcome is that R1 is called out for the missed base. This reinforces the importance of runners being aware of the bases they must touch as they advance, particularly in situations where there is a play at the bases or during an overthrow. R2's actions regarding touching the bases do not exempt R1 from the consequences of their own base running decisions.